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A ceramic can be an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising metallic, nonmetal or metalloid atoms generally held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Varying crystallinity and electron use in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electro-mechanical insulators (thoroughly researched in ceramic engineering). With such a sizable selection of possible options for the structure/structure of any ceramic (e.g. nearly all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is vast, and identifiable features (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical power conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, goblet transition heat range, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass dietary fiber, while including ceramic materials, are not considered to be part of the ceramic family.The term "ceramic originates from the Greek word ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "staff of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to spell it out a material, product or process, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".The initial ceramics created by humans were pottery items, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either alone or blended with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in open fire. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to set-up simple, colored surfaces, lowering porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include home, commercial and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. Inside the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic anatomist, such as in semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts provide an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and behavior of peoples of the past. They are among the most common artifacts found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Processing of gathered sherds can be steady with two main types of analysis: technological and traditional.Traditional analysis consists of sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and greater fragments into specific types based on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of folks among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological assignment of these bits.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis involves a finer study of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the materials and through this the possible manufacturing site. Key requirements are the structure of the clay and the temper found in the produce of the article under review: temper is a material added to the clay during the initial production level, and it can be used to aid the subsequent drying process. Types of temper include shell parts, granite fragments and floor sherd parts called 'grog'. Temper is determined by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification is determined by a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating an area where both are recognized to occur, an project of the materials source can be made. From the foundation project of the artifact further investigations can be made into the site of produce.
A ceramic can be an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising metallic, nonmetal or metalloid atoms generally held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Varying crystallinity and electron use in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electro-mechanical insulators (thoroughly researched in ceramic engineering). With such a sizable selection of possible options for the structure/structure of any ceramic (e.g. nearly all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is vast, and identifiable features (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical power conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, goblet transition heat range, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass dietary fiber, while including ceramic materials, are not considered to be part of the ceramic family.
The term "ceramic originates from the Greek word ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "staff of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to spell it out a material, product or process, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The initial ceramics created by humans were pottery items, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either alone or blended with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in open fire. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to set-up simple, colored surfaces, lowering porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include home, commercial and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. Inside the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic anatomist, such as in semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts provide an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and behavior of peoples of the past. They are among the most common artifacts found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Processing of gathered sherds can be steady with two main types of analysis: technological and traditional.
Traditional analysis consists of sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and greater fragments into specific types based on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of folks among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological assignment of these bits.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis involves a finer study of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the materials and through this the possible manufacturing site. Key requirements are the structure of the clay and the temper found in the produce of the article under review: temper is a material added to the clay during the initial production level, and it can be used to aid the subsequent drying process. Types of temper include shell parts, granite fragments and floor sherd parts called 'grog'. Temper is determined by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification is determined by a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating an area where both are recognized to occur, an project of the materials source can be made. From the foundation project of the artifact further investigations can be made into the site of produce.
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