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Spanish Ceramic Plate Blue Flowers Design 9”
A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sound material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and often completely amorphous (e.g., spectacles). Differing crystallinity and electron ingestion in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electro-mechanical insulators (extensively researched in ceramic executive). With such a huge range of possible options for the composition/structure of any ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is vast, and identifiable qualities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electro-mechanical conductivity, etc.) are hard to designate for the mixed group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, wine glass transition temperatures, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fibers, while filled with ceramic materials, are not regarded as part of the ceramic family.The indicated word "ceramic comes from the Greek expression ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "individuals of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to describe a material, process or product, or it could be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".The earliest ceramics made by humans were pottery items, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in flame. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to set-up soft, colored surfaces, lowering porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include domestic, industrial and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. Within the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic executive, such as with semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts come with an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, patterns and technology of peoples of the past. They can be among the most common artifacts found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of collected sherds can be consistent with two main types of research: specialized and traditional.Traditional analysis consists of sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and larger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and scientific talk about of the public people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these bits.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis entails a finer examination of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the source of the material and through this the possible making site. Key conditions are the structure of the clay and the temper used in the make of the article under research: temper is a material added to the clay during the initial production stage, and it can be used to aid the next drying out process. Types of temper include shell items, granite fragments and earth sherd pieces called 'grog'. Temper is identified by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are known to occur, an assignment of the material source can be made. From the source task of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of make.
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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sound material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and often completely amorphous (e.g., spectacles). Differing crystallinity and electron ingestion in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electro-mechanical insulators (extensively researched in ceramic executive). With such a huge range of possible options for the composition/structure of any ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is vast, and identifiable qualities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electro-mechanical conductivity, etc.) are hard to designate for the mixed group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, wine glass transition temperatures, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fibers, while filled with ceramic materials, are not regarded as part of the ceramic family.
The indicated word "ceramic comes from the Greek expression ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "individuals of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to describe a material, process or product, or it could be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The earliest ceramics made by humans were pottery items, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in flame. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to set-up soft, colored surfaces, lowering porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include domestic, industrial and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. Within the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic executive, such as with semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts come with an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, patterns and technology of peoples of the past. They can be among the most common artifacts found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of collected sherds can be consistent with two main types of research: specialized and traditional.
Traditional analysis consists of sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and larger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and scientific talk about of the public people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these bits.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis entails a finer examination of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the source of the material and through this the possible making site. Key conditions are the structure of the clay and the temper used in the make of the article under research: temper is a material added to the clay during the initial production stage, and it can be used to aid the next drying out process. Types of temper include shell items, granite fragments and earth sherd pieces called 'grog'. Temper is identified by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are known to occur, an assignment of the material source can be made. From the source task of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of make.
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