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ceramics by velichko velikov january 28th 2012 by retail design blog
A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sound material comprising metallic, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Differing crystallinity and electron ingestion in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electrical insulators (thoroughly researched in ceramic executive). With such a big selection of possible options for the structure/structure of the ceramic (e.g. every one of the elements practically, nearly all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is huge, and identifiable capabilities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electric powered conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, cup transition temperatures, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fiber content, while filled with ceramic materials, aren't considered to be area of the ceramic family.The portrayed expression "ceramic originates from the Greek term ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "personnel of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to describe a material, product or process, or it may be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in fire. Ceramics were glazed and fired to create clean later, colored surfaces, lowering porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include domestic, commercial and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. Inside the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such such as semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts produce an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and behavior of peoples of the past. They are simply among the most common artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Processing of collected sherds can be consistent with two main types of examination: specialized and traditional.Traditional analysis includes sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and bigger fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of folks among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages allows for a chronological task of these portions.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis requires a finer examination of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the material and through this the possible making site. Key standards are the composition of the clay and the temper found in the produce of the article under analysis: temper is a materials added to the clay through the initial production stage, and it is used to aid the subsequent drying process. Types of temper include shell portions, granite fragments and floor sherd bits called 'grog'. Temper is usually discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both the temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an task of the materials source can be made. From the source assignment of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of production.
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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sound material comprising metallic, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Differing crystallinity and electron ingestion in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electrical insulators (thoroughly researched in ceramic executive). With such a big selection of possible options for the structure/structure of the ceramic (e.g. every one of the elements practically, nearly all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is huge, and identifiable capabilities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electric powered conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, cup transition temperatures, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fiber content, while filled with ceramic materials, aren't considered to be area of the ceramic family.
The portrayed expression "ceramic originates from the Greek term ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "personnel of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to describe a material, product or process, or it may be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in fire. Ceramics were glazed and fired to create clean later, colored surfaces, lowering porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include domestic, commercial and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. Inside the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such such as semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts produce an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and behavior of peoples of the past. They are simply among the most common artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Processing of collected sherds can be consistent with two main types of examination: specialized and traditional.
Traditional analysis includes sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and bigger fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of folks among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages allows for a chronological task of these portions.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis requires a finer examination of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the material and through this the possible making site. Key standards are the composition of the clay and the temper found in the produce of the article under analysis: temper is a materials added to the clay through the initial production stage, and it is used to aid the subsequent drying process. Types of temper include shell portions, granite fragments and floor sherd bits called 'grog'. Temper is usually discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both the temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an task of the materials source can be made. From the source assignment of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of production.
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