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Rich Epstein 39;River Totems39; individual wheel thrown forms Raku fire
A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and often completely amorphous (e.g., eyeglasses). Differing crystallinity and electron usage in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electro-mechanical insulators (extensively explored in ceramic engineering). With such a huge range of possible options for the composition/structure of a ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, all types of bonding almost, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is huge, and identifiable features (e.g. hardness, toughness, electric powered conductivity, etc.) are hard to specify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, goblet transition temps, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fiber, while containing ceramic materials, aren't regarded as area of the ceramic family.The expressed word "ceramic originates from the Greek word ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known mention of the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "personnel of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to describe a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".The initial ceramics created by humans were pottery items, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either by itself or blended with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in flames. Ceramics were glazed and fired to make clean later, colored surfaces, lessening porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include domestic, industrial and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. Inside the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such just as semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts have an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and action of peoples of days gone by. They are among the most common artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Control of gathered sherds can be constant with two main types of examination: technological and traditional.Traditional analysis will involve sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and larger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technological condition of the sociable people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological assignment of these pieces.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis entails a finer study of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to look for the source of the materials and through this the possible processing site. Key conditions are the composition of the clay and the temper found in the produce of this article under analysis: temper is a materials added to the clay through the initial production level, and it is utilized to aid the next drying out process. Types of temper include shell parts, granite fragments and earth sherd parts called 'grog'. Temper is usually discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an task of the material source can be produced. From the source project of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of production.
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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and often completely amorphous (e.g., eyeglasses). Differing crystallinity and electron usage in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electro-mechanical insulators (extensively explored in ceramic engineering). With such a huge range of possible options for the composition/structure of a ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, all types of bonding almost, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is huge, and identifiable features (e.g. hardness, toughness, electric powered conductivity, etc.) are hard to specify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, goblet transition temps, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fiber, while containing ceramic materials, aren't regarded as area of the ceramic family.
The expressed word "ceramic originates from the Greek word ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known mention of the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "personnel of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to describe a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The initial ceramics created by humans were pottery items, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either by itself or blended with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in flames. Ceramics were glazed and fired to make clean later, colored surfaces, lessening porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include domestic, industrial and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. Inside the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such just as semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts have an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and action of peoples of days gone by. They are among the most common artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Control of gathered sherds can be constant with two main types of examination: technological and traditional.
Traditional analysis will involve sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and larger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technological condition of the sociable people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological assignment of these pieces.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis entails a finer study of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to look for the source of the materials and through this the possible processing site. Key conditions are the composition of the clay and the temper found in the produce of this article under analysis: temper is a materials added to the clay through the initial production level, and it is utilized to aid the next drying out process. Types of temper include shell parts, granite fragments and earth sherd parts called 'grog'. Temper is usually discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an task of the material source can be produced. From the source project of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of production.
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