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Ceramic Design Westport CT pattern, not color
A ceramic can be an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] solid material comprising steel, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and often completely amorphous (e.g., spectacles). Differing crystallinity and electron ingestion in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electric powered insulators (extensively investigated in ceramic anatomist). With such a sizable range of possible options for the structure/structure of any ceramic (e.g. nearly all of the elements, all types of bonding practically, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is vast, and identifiable capabilities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electro-mechanical conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the merged group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, wine glass transition heat, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fibre, while comprising ceramic materials, aren't regarded as area of the ceramic family.The term "ceramic comes from the Greek word ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known mention of the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "workers of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to describe a material, product or process, or it may be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in open fire. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to build clean, colored surfaces, lessening porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include local, commercial and building products, as well as a wide range of ceramic art. In the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic anatomist, such as in semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts provide an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and habit of peoples of the past. They can be among the most typical artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Processing of collected sherds can be steady with two main types of research: specialized and traditional.Traditional analysis includes sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and larger fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages allows for a chronological assignment of these portions.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis includes a finer study of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the source of the materials and through this the possible processing site. Key conditions are the structure of the clay and the temper found in the produce of this article under analysis: temper is a material put into the clay during the initial production level, and it is utilized to aid the next drying out process. Types of temper include shell portions, granite fragments and ground sherd items called 'grog'. Temper is usually discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification is determined by an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both the clay and temper compositions, and locating an area where both are recognized to occur, an task of the materials source can be made. From the foundation assignment of the artifact further investigations can be made in to the site of manufacture.
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