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A ceramic can be an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising metallic, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., spectacles). Varying crystallinity and electron usage in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electro-mechanical insulators (thoroughly investigated in ceramic engineering). With such a sizable selection of possible options for the structure/structure of an ceramic (e.g. every one of the elements almost, all sorts of bonding practically, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is great, and identifiable features (e.g. hardness, toughness, electronic conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, cup transition temps, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fibre, while comprising ceramic materials, aren't regarded as area of the ceramic family.The word "ceramic originates from the Greek term ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known mention of the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "staff of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to describe a material, product or process, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery objects, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either by itself or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in flame. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to set-up even, colored surfaces, decreasing porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include local, industrial and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. In the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic executive, such as in semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts have an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, habit and technology of peoples of days gone by. They are simply among the most typical artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of gathered sherds can be consistent with two main types of analysis: specialized and traditional.Traditional analysis involves sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and greater fragments into specific types based on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological point out of the interpersonal people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these bits.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis will involve a finer examination of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to look for the source of the materials and through this the possible processing site. Key criteria are the structure of the clay and the temper used in the production of this article under analysis: temper is a material put into the clay during the initial production level, and it is used to aid the subsequent drying process. Types of temper include shell parts, granite fragments and earth sherd parts called 'grog'. Temper is usually recognized by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification is determined by a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an assignment of the materials source can be produced. From the source project of the artifact further investigations can be produced in to the site of manufacture.
Home Page / Iznik Ceramics / Iznik Ceramic Plates
Home Page / Iznik Ceramics / Iznik Ceramic Plates
Home Page / Iznik Ceramics / Iznik Ceramic Plates
Home Page / Iznik Ceramics / Iznik Ceramic Plates
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A ceramic can be an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising metallic, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., spectacles). Varying crystallinity and electron usage in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electro-mechanical insulators (thoroughly investigated in ceramic engineering). With such a sizable selection of possible options for the structure/structure of an ceramic (e.g. every one of the elements almost, all sorts of bonding practically, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is great, and identifiable features (e.g. hardness, toughness, electronic conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, cup transition temps, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fibre, while comprising ceramic materials, aren't regarded as area of the ceramic family.
The word "ceramic originates from the Greek term ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known mention of the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "staff of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to describe a material, product or process, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery objects, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either by itself or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in flame. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to set-up even, colored surfaces, decreasing porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include local, industrial and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. In the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic executive, such as in semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts have an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, habit and technology of peoples of days gone by. They are simply among the most typical artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of gathered sherds can be consistent with two main types of analysis: specialized and traditional.
Traditional analysis involves sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and greater fragments into specific types based on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological point out of the interpersonal people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these bits.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis will involve a finer examination of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to look for the source of the materials and through this the possible processing site. Key criteria are the structure of the clay and the temper used in the production of this article under analysis: temper is a material put into the clay during the initial production level, and it is used to aid the subsequent drying process. Types of temper include shell parts, granite fragments and earth sherd parts called 'grog'. Temper is usually recognized by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification is determined by a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an assignment of the materials source can be produced. From the source project of the artifact further investigations can be produced in to the site of manufacture.
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