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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] solid material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms generally held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and often completely amorphous (e.g., spectacles). Varying crystallinity and electron use in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electric insulators (thoroughly researched in ceramic engineering). With such a large range of possible options for the composition/structure of your ceramic (e.g. every one of the elements almost, all types of bonding nearly, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is great, and identifiable capabilities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, cup transition temps, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon dietary fiber, while made up of ceramic materials, are not considered to be part of the ceramic family.The indicated word "ceramic originates from the Greek term ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known mention of the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "employees of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to spell it out a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".The initial ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in hearth. Ceramics were glazed and fired to make clean later, colored surfaces, lowering porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include home, industrial and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. In the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such as in semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts come with an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, action and technology of peoples of days gone by. They are among the most frequent artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of collected sherds can be steady with two main types of research: complex and traditional.Traditional analysis includes sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and greater fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technological state of people among other conclusions. In addition, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these bits.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis requires a finer study of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to look for the source of the materials and through this the possible production site. Key requirements are the structure of the clay and the temper found in the manufacture of the article under study: temper is a materials put into the clay through the initial production level, and it is employed to aid the subsequent drying out process. Types of temper include shell items, granite fragments and ground sherd parts called 'grog'. Temper is discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification is determined by an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an task of the materials source can be produced. From the source assignment of the artifact further investigations can be made into the site of production.
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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] solid material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms generally held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and often completely amorphous (e.g., spectacles). Varying crystallinity and electron use in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electric insulators (thoroughly researched in ceramic engineering). With such a large range of possible options for the composition/structure of your ceramic (e.g. every one of the elements almost, all types of bonding nearly, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is great, and identifiable capabilities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, cup transition temps, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon dietary fiber, while made up of ceramic materials, are not considered to be part of the ceramic family.
The indicated word "ceramic originates from the Greek term ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known mention of the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "employees of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to spell it out a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The initial ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in hearth. Ceramics were glazed and fired to make clean later, colored surfaces, lowering porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include home, industrial and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. In the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such as in semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts come with an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, action and technology of peoples of days gone by. They are among the most frequent artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of collected sherds can be steady with two main types of research: complex and traditional.
Traditional analysis includes sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and greater fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technological state of people among other conclusions. In addition, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these bits.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis requires a finer study of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to look for the source of the materials and through this the possible production site. Key requirements are the structure of the clay and the temper found in the manufacture of the article under study: temper is a materials put into the clay through the initial production level, and it is employed to aid the subsequent drying out process. Types of temper include shell items, granite fragments and ground sherd parts called 'grog'. Temper is discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification is determined by an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an task of the materials source can be produced. From the source assignment of the artifact further investigations can be made into the site of production.
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