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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] stable material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms mostly held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., eyeglasses). Varying crystallinity and electron utilization in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electric powered insulators (extensively investigated in ceramic engineering). With such a huge selection of possible options for the composition/structure of the ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is great, and identifiable qualities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical power conductivity, etc.) are hard to designate for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, goblet transition heat range, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fibers, while containing ceramic materials, aren't considered to be area of the ceramic family.The word "ceramic originates from the Greek expression ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "staff of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to describe a material, product or process, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either alone or blended with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in flames. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to build soft, colored surfaces, lessening porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include home, industrial and building products, as well as a wide range of ceramic art. Inside the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic executive, such as with semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts produce an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and action of peoples of the past. They may be among the most frequent artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of accumulated sherds can be constant with two main types of evaluation: complex and traditional.Traditional analysis consists of sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and larger fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of people among other conclusions. In addition, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these bits.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis consists of a finer examination of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the material and through this the possible production site. Key conditions are the composition of the clay and the temper used in the manufacture of the article under study: temper is a material added to the clay through the initial production stage, and it is used to aid the subsequent drying process. Types of temper include shell portions, granite fragments and ground sherd pieces called 'grog'. Temper is recognized by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both the temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an project of the material source can be made. From the foundation task of the artifact further investigations can be made into the site of manufacture.
Home Page / Iznik Ceramics / Iznik Ceramic Plates
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Ceramic Plate 4
Home Page / Iznik Ceramics / Iznik Ceramic Plates
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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] stable material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms mostly held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., eyeglasses). Varying crystallinity and electron utilization in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electric powered insulators (extensively investigated in ceramic engineering). With such a huge selection of possible options for the composition/structure of the ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is great, and identifiable qualities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical power conductivity, etc.) are hard to designate for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, goblet transition heat range, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fibers, while containing ceramic materials, aren't considered to be area of the ceramic family.
The word "ceramic originates from the Greek expression ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "staff of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to describe a material, product or process, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either alone or blended with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in flames. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to build soft, colored surfaces, lessening porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include home, industrial and building products, as well as a wide range of ceramic art. Inside the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic executive, such as with semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts produce an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and action of peoples of the past. They may be among the most frequent artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of accumulated sherds can be constant with two main types of evaluation: complex and traditional.
Traditional analysis consists of sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and larger fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of people among other conclusions. In addition, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these bits.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis consists of a finer examination of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the material and through this the possible production site. Key conditions are the composition of the clay and the temper used in the manufacture of the article under study: temper is a material added to the clay through the initial production stage, and it is used to aid the subsequent drying process. Types of temper include shell portions, granite fragments and ground sherd pieces called 'grog'. Temper is recognized by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both the temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an project of the material source can be made. From the foundation task of the artifact further investigations can be made into the site of manufacture.
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