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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] stable material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Differing crystallinity and electron use in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electro-mechanical insulators (extensively researched in ceramic executive). With such a sizable selection of possible options for the composition/structure of any ceramic (e.g. all of the elements practically, almost all types of bonding, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is vast, and identifiable attributes (e.g. hardness, toughness, electric conductivity, etc.) are hard to specify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, wine glass transition heat, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fiber, while made up of ceramic materials, are not considered to be part of the ceramic family.The indicated term "ceramic comes from the Greek expression ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known mention of the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "workers of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to describe a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".The earliest ceramics made by humans were pottery objects, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in flames. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to set-up even, colored surfaces, lessening porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include local, professional and building products, as well as a variety of ceramic art. Within the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such such as semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts offer an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, action and technology of individuals of the past. They are simply among the most typical artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Processing of collected sherds can be constant with two main types of evaluation: complex and traditional.Traditional analysis entails sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and much larger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and scientific condition of the communal people among other conclusions. In addition, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages allows for a chronological task of these items.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis will involve a finer study of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to look for the way to obtain the materials and through this the possible developing site. Key standards are the composition of the clay and the temper found in the produce of this article under analysis: temper is a material added to the clay through the initial production stage, and it is utilized to aid the next drying out process. Types of temper include shell bits, granite fragments and earth sherd items called 'grog'. Temper is determined by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification depends upon an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an assignment of the materials source can be made. From the source assignment of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of make.
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Ceramic Design Studio Gymea Sydney TAFE 1300 360 601
A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] stable material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Differing crystallinity and electron use in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electro-mechanical insulators (extensively researched in ceramic executive). With such a sizable selection of possible options for the composition/structure of any ceramic (e.g. all of the elements practically, almost all types of bonding, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is vast, and identifiable attributes (e.g. hardness, toughness, electric conductivity, etc.) are hard to specify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, wine glass transition heat, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fiber, while made up of ceramic materials, are not considered to be part of the ceramic family.
The indicated term "ceramic comes from the Greek expression ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known mention of the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "workers of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to describe a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The earliest ceramics made by humans were pottery objects, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in flames. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to set-up even, colored surfaces, lessening porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include local, professional and building products, as well as a variety of ceramic art. Within the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such such as semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts offer an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, action and technology of individuals of the past. They are simply among the most typical artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Processing of collected sherds can be constant with two main types of evaluation: complex and traditional.
Traditional analysis entails sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and much larger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and scientific condition of the communal people among other conclusions. In addition, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages allows for a chronological task of these items.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis will involve a finer study of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to look for the way to obtain the materials and through this the possible developing site. Key standards are the composition of the clay and the temper found in the produce of this article under analysis: temper is a material added to the clay through the initial production stage, and it is utilized to aid the next drying out process. Types of temper include shell bits, granite fragments and earth sherd items called 'grog'. Temper is determined by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification depends upon an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an assignment of the materials source can be made. From the source assignment of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of make.
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