A ceramic can be an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., spectacles). Varying crystallinity and electron use in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electrical insulators (extensively investigated in ceramic engineering). With such a big range of possible options for the structure/structure of your ceramic (e.g. every one of the elements almost, all types of bonding nearly, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is huge, and identifiable features (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical conductivity, etc.) are hard to specify for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, cup transition heat, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fiber, while filled with ceramic materials, aren't considered to be area of the ceramic family.The word "ceramic comes from the Greek phrase ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known mention of the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "workers of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to describe a material, product or process, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".The earliest ceramics made by humans were pottery items, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either by itself or mixed with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in fireplace. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to produce clean, colored surfaces, decreasing porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include home, commercial and building products, as well as a variety of ceramic art. Inside the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic anatomist, such as with semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts have an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and tendencies of peoples of the past. They are among the most typical artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Control of collected sherds can be regular with two main types of research: complex and traditional.Traditional analysis entails sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and greater fragments into specific types based on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technological talk about of the cultural people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages allows for a chronological assignment of these bits.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis involves a finer study of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the materials and through this the possible creation site. Key requirements are the structure of the clay and the temper used in the produce of the article under research: temper is a materials added to the clay during the initial production stage, and it is utilized to aid the next drying out process. Types of temper include shell portions, granite fragments and ground sherd portions called 'grog'. Temper is determined by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both temper and clay compositions, and locating an area where both are recognized to occur, an project of the materials source can be made. From the source project of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of make.
A ceramic can be an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., spectacles). Varying crystallinity and electron use in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electrical insulators (extensively investigated in ceramic engineering). With such a big range of possible options for the structure/structure of your ceramic (e.g. every one of the elements almost, all types of bonding nearly, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is huge, and identifiable features (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical conductivity, etc.) are hard to specify for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, cup transition heat, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fiber, while filled with ceramic materials, aren't considered to be area of the ceramic family.
The word "ceramic comes from the Greek phrase ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known mention of the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "workers of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to describe a material, product or process, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The earliest ceramics made by humans were pottery items, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either by itself or mixed with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in fireplace. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to produce clean, colored surfaces, decreasing porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include home, commercial and building products, as well as a variety of ceramic art. Inside the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic anatomist, such as with semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts have an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and tendencies of peoples of the past. They are among the most typical artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Control of collected sherds can be regular with two main types of research: complex and traditional.
Traditional analysis entails sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and greater fragments into specific types based on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technological talk about of the cultural people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages allows for a chronological assignment of these bits.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis involves a finer study of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the materials and through this the possible creation site. Key requirements are the structure of the clay and the temper used in the produce of the article under research: temper is a materials added to the clay during the initial production stage, and it is utilized to aid the next drying out process. Types of temper include shell portions, granite fragments and ground sherd portions called 'grog'. Temper is determined by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both temper and clay compositions, and locating an area where both are recognized to occur, an project of the materials source can be made. From the source project of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of make.
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