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White Ceramic Oblong Bulb Planter, Compote, Bowl Duck, Geese Bird
A ceramic can be an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] stable material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Differing crystallinity and electron consumption in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electro-mechanical insulators (thoroughly explored in ceramic engineering). With such a huge range of possible options for the composition/structure of a ceramic (e.g. every one of the elements almost, all sorts of bonding practically, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is vast, and identifiable qualities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electric powered conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, goblet transition temperature, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fiber, while containing ceramic materials, aren't considered to be area of the ceramic family.The indicated word "ceramic comes from the Greek term ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "workers of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to spell it out a material, product or process, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery objects, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either alone or blended with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in flame. Later ceramics were glazed and terminated to produce soft, colored surfaces, reducing porosity by using glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include domestic, industrial and building products, as well as a wide range of ceramic art. Inside the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic anatomist, such such as semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts come with an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, patterns and technology of individuals of days gone by. They are really among the most typical artifacts found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Processing of collected sherds can be regular with two main types of research: complex and traditional.Traditional analysis entails sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and bigger fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of the people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages allows for a chronological assignment of these pieces.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis involves a finer study of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the source of the materials and through this the possible creation site. Key requirements are the composition of the clay and the temper found in the production of the article under research: temper is a material added to the clay during the initial production stage, and it is utilized to aid the next drying process. Types of temper include shell parts, granite fragments and earth sherd bits called 'grog'. Temper is determined by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification is determined by an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are known to occur, an project of the materials source can be made. From the source project of the artifact further investigations can be made in to the site of production.
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A ceramic can be an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] stable material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Differing crystallinity and electron consumption in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electro-mechanical insulators (thoroughly explored in ceramic engineering). With such a huge range of possible options for the composition/structure of a ceramic (e.g. every one of the elements almost, all sorts of bonding practically, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is vast, and identifiable qualities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electric powered conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, goblet transition temperature, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fiber, while containing ceramic materials, aren't considered to be area of the ceramic family.
The indicated word "ceramic comes from the Greek term ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "workers of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to spell it out a material, product or process, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery objects, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either alone or blended with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in flame. Later ceramics were glazed and terminated to produce soft, colored surfaces, reducing porosity by using glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include domestic, industrial and building products, as well as a wide range of ceramic art. Inside the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic anatomist, such such as semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts come with an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, patterns and technology of individuals of days gone by. They are really among the most typical artifacts found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Processing of collected sherds can be regular with two main types of research: complex and traditional.
Traditional analysis entails sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and bigger fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of the people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages allows for a chronological assignment of these pieces.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis involves a finer study of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the source of the materials and through this the possible creation site. Key requirements are the composition of the clay and the temper found in the production of the article under research: temper is a material added to the clay during the initial production stage, and it is utilized to aid the next drying process. Types of temper include shell parts, granite fragments and earth sherd bits called 'grog'. Temper is determined by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification is determined by an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are known to occur, an project of the materials source can be made. From the source project of the artifact further investigations can be made in to the site of production.
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