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Ceramic Artist amp; Designer Jamie Louise McIntosh Design Juices
A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] stable material comprising steel, nonmetal or metalloid atoms mostly held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and often completely amorphous (e.g., eyeglasses). Differing crystallinity and electron usage in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electro-mechanical insulators (extensively researched in ceramic executive). With such a big selection of possible options for the structure/structure of an ceramic (e.g. every one of the elements almost, nearly all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is vast, and identifiable attributes (e.g. hardness, toughness, electric powered conductivity, etc.) are hard to designate for the mixed group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, cup transition heat, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon dietary fiber, while formulated with ceramic materials, aren't considered to be area of the ceramic family.The indicated word "ceramic originates from the Greek word ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "personnel of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to spell it out a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".The earliest ceramics made by humans were pottery items, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either by itself or blended with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in flame. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to set-up simple, colored surfaces, lessening porosity by using glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include domestic, commercial and building products, as well as a wide range of ceramic art. Inside the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such just as semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts come with an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, tendencies and technology of individuals of the past. They are among the most common artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Processing of gathered sherds can be constant with two main types of examination: complex and traditional.Traditional analysis involves sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and much larger fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of individuals among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological assignment of these items.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis will involve a finer examination of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the materials and through this the possible manufacturing site. Key criteria are the composition of the clay and the temper found in the production of this article under research: temper is a material put into the clay through the initial production level, and it is employed to aid the subsequent drying out process. Types of temper include shell bits, granite fragments and earth sherd bits called 'grog'. Temper is identified by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification is determined by an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating an area where both are recognized to occur, an project of the material source can be made. From the foundation task of the artifact further investigations can be made into the site of production.
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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] stable material comprising steel, nonmetal or metalloid atoms mostly held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and often completely amorphous (e.g., eyeglasses). Differing crystallinity and electron usage in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electro-mechanical insulators (extensively researched in ceramic executive). With such a big selection of possible options for the structure/structure of an ceramic (e.g. every one of the elements almost, nearly all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is vast, and identifiable attributes (e.g. hardness, toughness, electric powered conductivity, etc.) are hard to designate for the mixed group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, cup transition heat, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon dietary fiber, while formulated with ceramic materials, aren't considered to be area of the ceramic family.
The indicated word "ceramic originates from the Greek word ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "personnel of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to spell it out a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The earliest ceramics made by humans were pottery items, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either by itself or blended with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in flame. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to set-up simple, colored surfaces, lessening porosity by using glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include domestic, commercial and building products, as well as a wide range of ceramic art. Inside the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such just as semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts come with an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, tendencies and technology of individuals of the past. They are among the most common artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Processing of gathered sherds can be constant with two main types of examination: complex and traditional.
Traditional analysis involves sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and much larger fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of individuals among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological assignment of these items.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis will involve a finer examination of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the materials and through this the possible manufacturing site. Key criteria are the composition of the clay and the temper found in the production of this article under research: temper is a material put into the clay through the initial production level, and it is employed to aid the subsequent drying out process. Types of temper include shell bits, granite fragments and earth sherd bits called 'grog'. Temper is identified by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification is determined by an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating an area where both are recognized to occur, an project of the material source can be made. From the foundation task of the artifact further investigations can be made into the site of production.
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