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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] stable material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms mostly held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and often completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Differing crystallinity and electron consumption in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electronic insulators (thoroughly explored in ceramic anatomist). With such a big selection of possible options for the structure/structure of your ceramic (e.g. all of the elements almost, all sorts of bonding nearly, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is great, and identifiable capabilities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electro-mechanical conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, glass transition temperatures, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fiber, while filled with ceramic materials, are not considered to be area of the ceramic family.The term "ceramic originates from the Greek term ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "staff of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to describe a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".The initial ceramics made by humans were pottery objects, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either by itself or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in flame. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to create even, colored surfaces, lessening porosity by using glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include home, commercial and building products, as well as a wide range of ceramic art. Within the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic anatomist, such such as semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts have an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, behavior and technology of individuals of days gone by. They are really among the most common artifacts found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Processing of gathered sherds can be constant with two main types of research: complex and traditional.Traditional analysis will involve sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and larger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technological state of individuals among other conclusions. In addition, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these items.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis involves a finer study of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the source of the material and through this the possible developing site. Key standards are the structure of the clay and the temper found in the manufacture of the article under analysis: temper is a materials put into the clay during the initial production stage, and it is utilized to aid the subsequent drying out process. Types of temper include shell items, granite fragments and earth sherd portions called 'grog'. Temper is usually discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating an area where both are known to occur, an task of the materials source can be made. From the foundation task of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of production.
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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] stable material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms mostly held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and often completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Differing crystallinity and electron consumption in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electronic insulators (thoroughly explored in ceramic anatomist). With such a big selection of possible options for the structure/structure of your ceramic (e.g. all of the elements almost, all sorts of bonding nearly, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is great, and identifiable capabilities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electro-mechanical conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, glass transition temperatures, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fiber, while filled with ceramic materials, are not considered to be area of the ceramic family.
The term "ceramic originates from the Greek term ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "staff of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to describe a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The initial ceramics made by humans were pottery objects, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either by itself or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in flame. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to create even, colored surfaces, lessening porosity by using glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include home, commercial and building products, as well as a wide range of ceramic art. Within the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic anatomist, such such as semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts have an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, behavior and technology of individuals of days gone by. They are really among the most common artifacts found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Processing of gathered sherds can be constant with two main types of research: complex and traditional.
Traditional analysis will involve sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and larger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technological state of individuals among other conclusions. In addition, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these items.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis involves a finer study of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the source of the material and through this the possible developing site. Key standards are the structure of the clay and the temper found in the manufacture of the article under analysis: temper is a materials put into the clay during the initial production stage, and it is utilized to aid the subsequent drying out process. Types of temper include shell items, granite fragments and earth sherd portions called 'grog'. Temper is usually discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating an area where both are known to occur, an task of the materials source can be made. From the foundation task of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of production.
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