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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] stable material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., spectacles). Varying crystallinity and electron ingestion in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electric powered insulators (extensively researched in ceramic executive). With such a huge range of possible options for the structure/structure of a ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is huge, and identifiable features (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical power conductivity, etc.) are hard to designate for the combined group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, glass transition heat, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fibers, while including ceramic materials, aren't regarded as area of the ceramic family.The term "ceramic originates from the Greek word ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "employees of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to describe a material, product or process, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".The initial ceramics made by humans were pottery objects, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in hearth. Ceramics were glazed and fired to generate simple later, colored surfaces, lowering porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include local, professional and building products, as well as a variety of ceramic art. Within the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such as with semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts provide an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, action and technology of peoples of days gone by. These are among the most frequent artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Processing of gathered sherds can be regular with two main types of research: complex and traditional.Traditional analysis involves sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and greater fragments into specific types based on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of the folks among other conclusions. In addition, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological assignment of these bits.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis requires a finer study of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the materials and through this the possible making site. Key conditions are the composition of the clay and the temper used in the production of the article under analysis: temper is a materials put into the clay during the initial production level, and it is employed to aid the subsequent drying out process. Types of temper include shell pieces, granite fragments and earth sherd pieces called 'grog'. Temper is recognized by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an task of the material source can be produced. From the foundation assignment of the artifact further investigations can be made into the site of make.
Home Page / Iznik Ceramics / Iznik Ceramic Plates
Home Page / Iznik Ceramics / Iznik Ceramic Plates
Home Page / Iznik Ceramics / Iznik Ceramic Plates
Lace Dinner Plate from Soendergaard Design Ceramic plates 10 of
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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] stable material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., spectacles). Varying crystallinity and electron ingestion in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electric powered insulators (extensively researched in ceramic executive). With such a huge range of possible options for the structure/structure of a ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is huge, and identifiable features (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical power conductivity, etc.) are hard to designate for the combined group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, glass transition heat, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fibers, while including ceramic materials, aren't regarded as area of the ceramic family.
The term "ceramic originates from the Greek word ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "employees of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to describe a material, product or process, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The initial ceramics made by humans were pottery objects, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in hearth. Ceramics were glazed and fired to generate simple later, colored surfaces, lowering porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include local, professional and building products, as well as a variety of ceramic art. Within the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such as with semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts provide an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, action and technology of peoples of days gone by. These are among the most frequent artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Processing of gathered sherds can be regular with two main types of research: complex and traditional.
Traditional analysis involves sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and greater fragments into specific types based on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of the folks among other conclusions. In addition, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological assignment of these bits.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis requires a finer study of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the materials and through this the possible making site. Key conditions are the composition of the clay and the temper used in the production of the article under analysis: temper is a materials put into the clay during the initial production level, and it is employed to aid the subsequent drying out process. Types of temper include shell pieces, granite fragments and earth sherd pieces called 'grog'. Temper is recognized by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an task of the material source can be produced. From the foundation assignment of the artifact further investigations can be made into the site of make.
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