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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising metallic, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and often completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Differing crystallinity and electron utilization in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electronic insulators (thoroughly investigated in ceramic anatomist). With such a big selection of possible options for the structure/structure of the ceramic (e.g. nearly all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is great, and identifiable features (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical conductivity, etc.) are hard to specify for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, goblet transition temperatures, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fibre, while containing ceramic materials, aren't considered to be area of the ceramic family.The word "ceramic originates from the Greek word ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "personnel of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to spell it out a material, process or product, or it may be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".The initial ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in fire. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to make simple, colored surfaces, lessening porosity by using glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include home, professional and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. In the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such as with semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts provide an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and behavior of peoples of days gone by. These are among the most typical artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Control of collected sherds can be steady with two main types of analysis: specialized and traditional.Traditional analysis requires sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and larger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technological state of individuals among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these bits.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis involves a finer examination of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to look for the way to obtain the material and through this the possible creation site. Key criteria are the composition of the clay and the temper found in the manufacture of the article under study: temper is a materials added to the clay through the initial production level, and it is used to aid the next drying process. Types of temper include shell pieces, granite fragments and ground sherd pieces called 'grog'. Temper is usually identified by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification is determined by a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating a region where both are known to occur, an task of the materials source can be made. From the source project of the artifact further investigations can be produced in to the site of manufacture.
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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising metallic, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and often completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Differing crystallinity and electron utilization in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electronic insulators (thoroughly investigated in ceramic anatomist). With such a big selection of possible options for the structure/structure of the ceramic (e.g. nearly all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is great, and identifiable features (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical conductivity, etc.) are hard to specify for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, goblet transition temperatures, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fibre, while containing ceramic materials, aren't considered to be area of the ceramic family.
The word "ceramic originates from the Greek word ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "personnel of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to spell it out a material, process or product, or it may be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The initial ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in fire. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to make simple, colored surfaces, lessening porosity by using glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include home, professional and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. In the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such as with semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts provide an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and behavior of peoples of days gone by. These are among the most typical artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Control of collected sherds can be steady with two main types of analysis: specialized and traditional.
Traditional analysis requires sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and larger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technological state of individuals among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these bits.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis involves a finer examination of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to look for the way to obtain the material and through this the possible creation site. Key criteria are the composition of the clay and the temper found in the manufacture of the article under study: temper is a materials added to the clay through the initial production level, and it is used to aid the next drying process. Types of temper include shell pieces, granite fragments and ground sherd pieces called 'grog'. Temper is usually identified by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification is determined by a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating a region where both are known to occur, an task of the materials source can be made. From the source project of the artifact further investigations can be produced in to the site of manufacture.
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