A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sound material comprising metallic, nonmetal or metalloid atoms mostly held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and often completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Differing crystallinity and electron consumption in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electrical power insulators (extensively investigated in ceramic anatomist). With such a large range of possible options for the structure/structure of the ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is vast, and identifiable features (e.g. hardness, toughness, electro-mechanical conductivity, etc.) are hard to specify for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, cup transition temp, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fibers, while containing ceramic materials, aren't regarded as part of the ceramic family.The word "ceramic originates from the Greek expression ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "workers of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to spell it out a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".The earliest ceramics made by humans were pottery items, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either by itself or blended with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in hearth. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to build simple, colored surfaces, reducing porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include domestic, professional and building products, as well as a wide range of ceramic art. Inside the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic anatomist, such as with semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts provide an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, action and technology of peoples of the past. These are among the most frequent artifacts found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of accumulated sherds can be constant with two main types of research: technological and traditional.Traditional analysis requires sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and bigger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technological state of the people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages allows for a chronological project of these parts.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis includes a finer examination of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to look for the way to obtain the materials and through this the possible production site. Key standards are the composition of the clay and the temper used in the make of this article under study: temper is a materials added to the clay through the initial production level, and it is utilized to aid the next drying process. Types of temper include shell bits, granite fragments and surface sherd parts called 'grog'. Temper is discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification is determined by a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an project of the material source can be produced. From the source task of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of produce.
Ceramic apples Design and Technology Damp;T Food Tech amp; nutrition
A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sound material comprising metallic, nonmetal or metalloid atoms mostly held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and often completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Differing crystallinity and electron consumption in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electrical power insulators (extensively investigated in ceramic anatomist). With such a large range of possible options for the structure/structure of the ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is vast, and identifiable features (e.g. hardness, toughness, electro-mechanical conductivity, etc.) are hard to specify for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, cup transition temp, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fibers, while containing ceramic materials, aren't regarded as part of the ceramic family.
The word "ceramic originates from the Greek expression ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "workers of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to spell it out a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The earliest ceramics made by humans were pottery items, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either by itself or blended with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in hearth. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to build simple, colored surfaces, reducing porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include domestic, professional and building products, as well as a wide range of ceramic art. Inside the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic anatomist, such as with semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts provide an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, action and technology of peoples of the past. These are among the most frequent artifacts found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of accumulated sherds can be constant with two main types of research: technological and traditional.
Traditional analysis requires sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and bigger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technological state of the people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages allows for a chronological project of these parts.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis includes a finer examination of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to look for the way to obtain the materials and through this the possible production site. Key standards are the composition of the clay and the temper used in the make of this article under study: temper is a materials added to the clay through the initial production level, and it is utilized to aid the next drying process. Types of temper include shell bits, granite fragments and surface sherd parts called 'grog'. Temper is discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification is determined by a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an project of the material source can be produced. From the source task of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of produce.
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