A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] stable material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., eyeglasses). Varying crystallinity and electron utilization in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electrical insulators (thoroughly researched in ceramic executive). With such a large selection of possible options for the structure/structure of any ceramic (e.g. nearly all of the elements, almost all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is great, and identifiable traits (e.g. hardness, toughness, electric powered conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the merged group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, wine glass transition temp, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fibers, while including ceramic materials, are not considered to be part of the ceramic family.The term "ceramic comes from the Greek term ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "staff of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to spell it out a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either by itself or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in fireplace. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to make clean, colored surfaces, lessening porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include local, professional and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. Inside the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic anatomist, such as in semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts have an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and action of individuals of days gone by. They can be among the most frequent artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of accumulated sherds can be constant with two main types of evaluation: complex and traditional.Traditional analysis requires sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and bigger fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and scientific status of the communal people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological project of these pieces.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis will involve a finer study of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the source of the materials and through this the possible developing site. Key criteria are the structure of the clay and the temper found in the manufacture of the article under analysis: temper is a materials added to the clay through the initial production stage, and it is employed to aid the subsequent drying out process. Types of temper include shell items, granite fragments and ground sherd pieces called 'grog'. Temper is determined by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification is determined by an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an assignment of the material source can be produced. From the source assignment of the artifact further investigations can be made into the site of make.
Pottery Arts: Classic Ceramic Design 2013
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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] stable material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., eyeglasses). Varying crystallinity and electron utilization in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electrical insulators (thoroughly researched in ceramic executive). With such a large selection of possible options for the structure/structure of any ceramic (e.g. nearly all of the elements, almost all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is great, and identifiable traits (e.g. hardness, toughness, electric powered conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the merged group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, wine glass transition temp, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fibers, while including ceramic materials, are not considered to be part of the ceramic family..jpg "Pottery Arts: Classic Ceramic Design 2013")
The term "ceramic comes from the Greek term ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "staff of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to spell it out a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either by itself or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in fireplace. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to make clean, colored surfaces, lessening porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include local, professional and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. Inside the 20th hundred years, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic anatomist, such as in semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts have an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and action of individuals of days gone by. They can be among the most frequent artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of accumulated sherds can be constant with two main types of evaluation: complex and traditional.
Traditional analysis requires sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and bigger fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies it is possible to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and scientific status of the communal people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological project of these pieces.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis will involve a finer study of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the source of the materials and through this the possible developing site. Key criteria are the structure of the clay and the temper found in the manufacture of the article under analysis: temper is a materials added to the clay through the initial production stage, and it is employed to aid the subsequent drying out process. Types of temper include shell items, granite fragments and ground sherd pieces called 'grog'. Temper is determined by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification is determined by an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an assignment of the material source can be produced. From the source assignment of the artifact further investigations can be made into the site of make.
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