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TEXTILE ATMOSPHERES: 100% Design Part 3 LDF09
A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sound material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms generally held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., spectacles). Differing crystallinity and electron intake in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electric insulators (extensively investigated in ceramic engineering). With such a large selection of possible options for the composition/structure of the ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, all sorts of bonding almost, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is huge, and identifiable features (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical conductivity, etc.) are hard to designate for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, wine glass transition temps, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fibre, while containing ceramic materials, are not considered to be area of the ceramic family.The term "ceramic originates from the Greek word ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "individuals of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to describe a material, product or process, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in fire. Later ceramics were glazed and terminated to produce simple, colored surfaces, decreasing porosity by using glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include home, industrial and building products, as well as a variety of ceramic art. In the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic anatomist, such such as semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts provide an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, behavior and technology of individuals of the past. They can be among the most frequent artifacts found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of collected sherds can be steady with two main types of research: specialized and traditional.Traditional analysis entails sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and bigger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technical state of the sociable people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages allows for a chronological task of these portions.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis involves a finer examination of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the source of the material and through this the possible manufacturing site. Key criteria are the composition of the clay and the temper found in the make of the article under analysis: temper is a material added to the clay during the initial production stage, and it is utilized to aid the subsequent drying process. Types of temper include shell items, granite fragments and surface sherd pieces called 'grog'. Temper is usually identified by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both the clay and temper compositions, and locating an area where both are recognized to occur, an task of the material source can be produced. From the source assignment of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of production.
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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sound material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms generally held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., spectacles). Differing crystallinity and electron intake in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electric insulators (extensively investigated in ceramic engineering). With such a large selection of possible options for the composition/structure of the ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, all sorts of bonding almost, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is huge, and identifiable features (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical conductivity, etc.) are hard to designate for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, wine glass transition temps, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fibre, while containing ceramic materials, are not considered to be area of the ceramic family.
The term "ceramic originates from the Greek word ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "individuals of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to describe a material, product or process, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in fire. Later ceramics were glazed and terminated to produce simple, colored surfaces, decreasing porosity by using glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include home, industrial and building products, as well as a variety of ceramic art. In the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic anatomist, such such as semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts provide an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, behavior and technology of individuals of the past. They can be among the most frequent artifacts found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of collected sherds can be steady with two main types of research: specialized and traditional.
Traditional analysis entails sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and bigger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technical state of the sociable people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). An evaluation of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages allows for a chronological task of these portions.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis involves a finer examination of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the source of the material and through this the possible manufacturing site. Key criteria are the composition of the clay and the temper found in the make of the article under analysis: temper is a material added to the clay during the initial production stage, and it is utilized to aid the subsequent drying process. Types of temper include shell items, granite fragments and surface sherd pieces called 'grog'. Temper is usually identified by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both the clay and temper compositions, and locating an area where both are recognized to occur, an task of the material source can be produced. From the source assignment of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of production.
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