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about Ceramics on Pinterest Ceramic Pottery, Ceramics and Porcelain
A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising metallic, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Varying crystallinity and electron use in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electric insulators (thoroughly investigated in ceramic anatomist). With such a sizable selection of possible options for the structure/structure of any ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is vast, and identifiable attributes (e.g. hardness, toughness, electro-mechanical conductivity, etc.) are hard to specify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, a glass transition temperature, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fiber, while made up of ceramic materials, aren't considered to be area of the ceramic family.The word "ceramic comes from the Greek expression ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known reference to the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "individuals of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to spell it out a material, product or process, or it could be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".The initial ceramics made by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either alone or blended with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in flame. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to build smooth, colored surfaces, decreasing porosity by using glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include domestic, professional and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. Inside the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic executive, such as with semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts own an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, action and technology of peoples of days gone by. They are really among the most typical artifacts found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Control of collected sherds can be consistent with two main types of evaluation: technical and traditional.Traditional analysis entails sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and bigger fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and scientific state of the sociable people among other conclusions. In addition, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these bits.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis includes a finer examination of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the material and through this the possible making site. Key standards are the structure of the clay and the temper used in the production of this article under analysis: temper is a materials added to the clay during the initial production stage, and it is utilized to aid the subsequent drying process. Types of temper include shell items, granite fragments and surface sherd bits called 'grog'. Temper is usually recognized by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification is determined by an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both the temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are known to occur, an project of the material source can be produced. From the source project of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of manufacture.
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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising metallic, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Varying crystallinity and electron use in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electric insulators (thoroughly investigated in ceramic anatomist). With such a sizable selection of possible options for the structure/structure of any ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is vast, and identifiable attributes (e.g. hardness, toughness, electro-mechanical conductivity, etc.) are hard to specify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, a glass transition temperature, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fiber, while made up of ceramic materials, aren't considered to be area of the ceramic family.
The word "ceramic comes from the Greek expression ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known reference to the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "individuals of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to spell it out a material, product or process, or it could be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The initial ceramics made by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either alone or blended with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in flame. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to build smooth, colored surfaces, decreasing porosity by using glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include domestic, professional and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. Inside the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic executive, such as with semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts own an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, action and technology of peoples of days gone by. They are really among the most typical artifacts found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Control of collected sherds can be consistent with two main types of evaluation: technical and traditional.
Traditional analysis entails sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and bigger fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and scientific state of the sociable people among other conclusions. In addition, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these bits.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis includes a finer examination of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the material and through this the possible making site. Key standards are the structure of the clay and the temper used in the production of this article under analysis: temper is a materials added to the clay during the initial production stage, and it is utilized to aid the subsequent drying process. Types of temper include shell items, granite fragments and surface sherd bits called 'grog'. Temper is usually recognized by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification is determined by an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both the temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are known to occur, an project of the material source can be produced. From the source project of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of manufacture.
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