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The Flower Appreciation Society39;s ceramic swan and vase collection
A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and often completely amorphous (e.g., eyeglasses). Differing crystallinity and electron usage in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electronic insulators (thoroughly explored in ceramic anatomist). With such a huge range of possible options for the structure/structure of an ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, all types of bonding nearly, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is vast, and identifiable traits (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical power conductivity, etc.) are hard to specify for the blended group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, goblet transition temperatures, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fiber, while containing ceramic materials, are not considered to be part of the ceramic family.The word "ceramic originates from the Greek expression ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known mention of the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "individuals of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to spell it out a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either alone or blended with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in fire. Ceramics were glazed and fired to generate easy later, colored surfaces, lessening porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include local, commercial and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. In the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such such as semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts produce an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, behavior and technology of individuals of the past. They are among the most common artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Control of collected sherds can be constant with two main types of examination: specialized and traditional.Traditional analysis includes sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and greater fragments into specific types based on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technological state of folks among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages allows for a chronological project of these bits.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis includes a finer study of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the source of the material and through this the possible creation site. Key criteria are the structure of the clay and the temper used in the make of this article under research: temper is a materials added to the clay through the initial production stage, and it is employed to aid the subsequent drying out process. Types of temper include shell portions, granite fragments and earth sherd items called 'grog'. Temper is discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification is determined by an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both the clay and temper compositions, and locating an area where both are recognized to occur, an assignment of the materials source can be made. From the source task of the artifact further investigations can be made into the site of make.
EUGENE HŐN : CERAMIC ARTIST: Contemporary art and design In China
A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from oriented to semi-crystalline highly, and often completely amorphous (e.g., eyeglasses). Differing crystallinity and electron usage in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electronic insulators (thoroughly explored in ceramic anatomist). With such a huge range of possible options for the structure/structure of an ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, all types of bonding nearly, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is vast, and identifiable traits (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical power conductivity, etc.) are hard to specify for the blended group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, goblet transition temperatures, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fiber, while containing ceramic materials, are not considered to be part of the ceramic family.
The word "ceramic originates from the Greek expression ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known mention of the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "individuals of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to spell it out a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either alone or blended with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in fire. Ceramics were glazed and fired to generate easy later, colored surfaces, lessening porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include local, commercial and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. In the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such such as semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts produce an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, behavior and technology of individuals of the past. They are among the most common artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Control of collected sherds can be constant with two main types of examination: specialized and traditional.
Traditional analysis includes sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and greater fragments into specific types based on style, composition, morphology and manufacturing. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technological state of folks among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages allows for a chronological project of these bits.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis includes a finer study of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the source of the material and through this the possible creation site. Key criteria are the structure of the clay and the temper used in the make of this article under research: temper is a materials added to the clay through the initial production stage, and it is employed to aid the subsequent drying out process. Types of temper include shell portions, granite fragments and earth sherd items called 'grog'. Temper is discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification is determined by an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both the clay and temper compositions, and locating an area where both are recognized to occur, an assignment of the materials source can be made. From the source task of the artifact further investigations can be made into the site of make.
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