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American Ceramic Society; American Ceramic Society. Meeting, vol 45
A ceramic can be an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] stable material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and often completely amorphous (e.g., spectacles). Varying crystallinity and electron use in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electric insulators (extensively explored in ceramic executive). With such a sizable selection of possible options for the structure/structure of a ceramic (e.g. all of the elements almost, all sorts of bonding practically, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is vast, and identifiable qualities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical conductivity, etc.) are hard to designate for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, glass transition heat range, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fiber content, while formulated with ceramic materials, aren't regarded as area of the ceramic family.The term "ceramic comes from the Greek expression ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known reference to the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "personnel of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to describe a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".The initial ceramics made by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in fireplace. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to generate clean, colored surfaces, reducing porosity by using glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include home, industrial and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. Inside the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such as in semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts provide an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and behavior of individuals of days gone by. They may be among the most frequent artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of gathered sherds can be steady with two main types of examination: technological and traditional.Traditional analysis entails sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and larger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of the individuals among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological assignment of these parts.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis requires a finer examination of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the material and through this the possible production site. Key requirements are the structure of the clay and the temper used in the produce of this article under study: temper is a material put into the clay during the initial production level, and it is employed to aid the subsequent drying out process. Types of temper include shell pieces, granite fragments and ground sherd parts called 'grog'. Temper is usually determined by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both the clay and temper compositions, and locating an area where both are known to occur, an assignment of the material source can be made. From the source task of the artifact further investigations can be made into the site of produce.
Ceramic “Dixie” cup from Dutch designer Rob Brandt : LaRive
Mimmoth Fancier39;s Society Ceramic Ornament Zazzle
A ceramic can be an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] stable material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and often completely amorphous (e.g., spectacles). Varying crystallinity and electron use in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electric insulators (extensively explored in ceramic executive). With such a sizable selection of possible options for the structure/structure of a ceramic (e.g. all of the elements almost, all sorts of bonding practically, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is vast, and identifiable qualities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electrical conductivity, etc.) are hard to designate for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, glass transition heat range, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fiber content, while formulated with ceramic materials, aren't regarded as area of the ceramic family.
The term "ceramic comes from the Greek expression ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known reference to the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "personnel of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to describe a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The initial ceramics made by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either alone or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in fireplace. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to generate clean, colored surfaces, reducing porosity by using glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings together with the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include home, industrial and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. Inside the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such as in semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts provide an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and behavior of individuals of days gone by. They may be among the most frequent artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of gathered sherds can be steady with two main types of examination: technological and traditional.
Traditional analysis entails sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and larger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of the individuals among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological assignment of these parts.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis requires a finer examination of the structure of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the material and through this the possible production site. Key requirements are the structure of the clay and the temper used in the produce of this article under study: temper is a material put into the clay during the initial production level, and it is employed to aid the subsequent drying out process. Types of temper include shell pieces, granite fragments and ground sherd parts called 'grog'. Temper is usually determined by microscopic examination of the temper material. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both the clay and temper compositions, and locating an area where both are known to occur, an assignment of the material source can be made. From the source task of the artifact further investigations can be made into the site of produce.
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