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A ceramic can be an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] solid material comprising metallic, nonmetal or metalloid atoms generally held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Varying crystallinity and electron consumption in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electrical power insulators (thoroughly investigated in ceramic engineering). With such a sizable selection of possible options for the structure/structure of an ceramic (e.g. nearly all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is great, and identifiable attributes (e.g. hardness, toughness, electric conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, a glass transition heat, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fibre, while formulated with ceramic materials, are not regarded as part of the ceramic family.The word "ceramic comes from the Greek expression ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known mention of the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "workers of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to describe a material, product or process, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".The initial ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either alone or blended with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in hearth. Later ceramics were glazed and terminated to generate simple, colored surfaces, lowering porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include local, professional and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. Inside the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such such as semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts produce an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, action and technology of peoples of days gone by. They are really among the most common artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of gathered sherds can be regular with two main types of research: complex and traditional.Traditional analysis consists of sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and bigger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technological condition of the cultural people among other conclusions. In addition, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these bits.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis consists of a finer examination of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the materials and through this the possible production site. Key criteria are the composition of the clay and the temper used in the production of this article under study: temper is a materials added to the clay during the initial production level, and it can be used to aid the subsequent drying out process. Types of temper include shell portions, granite fragments and floor sherd parts called 'grog'. Temper is discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an assignment of the materials source can be produced. From the source task of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of make.
Home Page / Iznik Ceramics / Iznik Ceramic Plates
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A ceramic can be an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] solid material comprising metallic, nonmetal or metalloid atoms generally held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Varying crystallinity and electron consumption in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electrical power insulators (thoroughly investigated in ceramic engineering). With such a sizable selection of possible options for the structure/structure of an ceramic (e.g. nearly all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the topic is great, and identifiable attributes (e.g. hardness, toughness, electric conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility will be the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, a glass transition heat, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as carbon and fiberglass fibre, while formulated with ceramic materials, are not regarded as part of the ceramic family.
The word "ceramic comes from the Greek expression ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known mention of the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "workers of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The term "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to describe a material, product or process, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The initial ceramics created by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either alone or blended with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in hearth. Later ceramics were glazed and terminated to generate simple, colored surfaces, lowering porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include local, professional and building products, as well as an array of ceramic art. Inside the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such such as semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts produce an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, action and technology of peoples of days gone by. They are really among the most common artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of gathered sherds can be regular with two main types of research: complex and traditional.
Traditional analysis consists of sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and bigger fragments into specific types based on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technological condition of the cultural people among other conclusions. In addition, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics over time can you really separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these bits.[13]The technical method of ceramic analysis consists of a finer examination of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the way to obtain the materials and through this the possible production site. Key criteria are the composition of the clay and the temper used in the production of this article under study: temper is a materials added to the clay during the initial production level, and it can be used to aid the subsequent drying out process. Types of temper include shell portions, granite fragments and floor sherd parts called 'grog'. Temper is discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification depends upon a process of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an assignment of the materials source can be produced. From the source task of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of make.
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