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A ceramic can be an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Differing crystallinity and electron utilization in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electric powered insulators (extensively researched in ceramic anatomist). With such a big range of possible options for the composition/structure of your ceramic (e.g. every one of the elements practically, all types of bonding nearly, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is great, and identifiable capabilities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electro-mechanical conductivity, etc.) are hard to specify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, wine glass transition temp, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fiber content, while comprising ceramic materials, aren't considered to be part of the ceramic family.The word "ceramic originates from the Greek term ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "personnel of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to spell it out a material, process or product, or it could be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery objects, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either by itself or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in flames. Later ceramics were glazed and terminated to generate soft, colored surfaces, reducing porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include domestic, commercial and building products, as well as a wide range of ceramic art. In the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such such as semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts produce an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, patterns and technology of individuals of days gone by. They are really among the most frequent artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of collected sherds can be steady with two main types of examination: complex and traditional.Traditional analysis consists of sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and greater fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of the sociable people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these parts.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis consists of a finer examination of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to look for the way to obtain the materials and through this the possible developing site. Key standards are the composition of the clay and the temper used in the production of the article under analysis: temper is a material added to the clay through the initial production stage, and it is utilized to aid the next drying process. Types of temper include shell pieces, granite fragments and floor sherd pieces called 'grog'. Temper is discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification is determined by an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating an area where both are known to occur, an assignment of the material source can be produced. From the source project of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of production.
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Home Page / Iznik Ceramics / Iznik Ceramic Plates
Home Page / Iznik Ceramics / Iznik Ceramic Plates
Home Page / Iznik Ceramics / Iznik Ceramic Plates
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A ceramic can be an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising material, nonmetal or metalloid atoms held in ionic and covalent bonds primarily. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Differing crystallinity and electron utilization in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electric powered insulators (extensively researched in ceramic anatomist). With such a big range of possible options for the composition/structure of your ceramic (e.g. every one of the elements practically, all types of bonding nearly, and all degrees of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is great, and identifiable capabilities (e.g. hardness, toughness, electro-mechanical conductivity, etc.) are hard to specify for the group all together. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, wine glass transition temp, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fiber content, while comprising ceramic materials, aren't considered to be part of the ceramic family.
The word "ceramic originates from the Greek term ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The initial known reference to the main "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "personnel of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" can be utilized as an adjective to spell it out a material, process or product, or it could be used as a noun, either singular, or, additionally, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The earliest ceramics created by humans were pottery objects, including 27,000-year-old figurines, created from clay, either by itself or mixed with other materials like silica, solidified, sintered, in flames. Later ceramics were glazed and terminated to generate soft, colored surfaces, reducing porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include domestic, commercial and building products, as well as a wide range of ceramic art. In the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such such as semiconductors.
Ceramic artifacts produce an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, patterns and technology of individuals of days gone by. They are really among the most frequent artifacts to be found at an archaeological site, generally by means of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of collected sherds can be steady with two main types of examination: complex and traditional.
Traditional analysis consists of sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and greater fragments into specific types predicated on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the goal of the ceramic and technological state of the sociable people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages permits a chronological task of these parts.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis consists of a finer examination of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to look for the way to obtain the materials and through this the possible developing site. Key standards are the composition of the clay and the temper used in the production of the article under analysis: temper is a material added to the clay through the initial production stage, and it is utilized to aid the next drying process. Types of temper include shell pieces, granite fragments and floor sherd pieces called 'grog'. Temper is discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification is determined by an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both clay and temper compositions, and locating an area where both are known to occur, an assignment of the material source can be produced. From the source project of the artifact further investigations can be produced into the site of production.
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