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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Varying crystallinity and electron usage in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electronic insulators (thoroughly explored in ceramic engineering). With such a sizable selection of possible options for the structure/structure of an ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, almost all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is huge, and identifiable traits (e.g. hardness, toughness, electric powered conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, cup transition heat, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fibre, while formulated with ceramic materials, are not regarded as area of the ceramic family.The indicated expression "ceramic originates from the Greek word ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known mention of the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "staff of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to spell it out a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".The initial ceramics made by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either by itself or mixed with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in flames. Ceramics were glazed and fired to create clean later, colored surfaces, lowering porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include local, commercial and building products, as well as a variety of ceramic art. Within the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such as with semiconductors.Ceramic artifacts own an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and action of individuals of days gone by. They may be among the most common artifacts found at an archaeological site, generally in the form of small fragments of broken pottery called sherds. Handling of collected sherds can be constant with two main types of evaluation: complex and traditional.Traditional analysis will involve sorting ceramic artifacts, sherds and greater fragments into specific types based on style, composition, manufacturing and morphology. By creating these typologies you'll be able to distinguish between different cultural styles, the purpose of the ceramic and technical state of the sociable people among other conclusions. Furthermore, by looking at stylistic changes of ceramics as time passes is it possible to separate (seriate) the ceramics into distinct diagnostic groups (assemblages). A comparison of ceramic artifacts with known dated assemblages allows for a chronological project of these items.[13]The technical approach to ceramic analysis will involve a finer study of the composition of ceramic artifacts and sherds to determine the source of the materials and through this the possible creation site. Key conditions are the composition of the clay and the temper found in the make of this article under study: temper is a material put into the clay through the initial production level, and it is employed to aid the subsequent drying process. Types of temper include shell items, granite fragments and floor sherd parts called 'grog'. Temper is discovered by microscopic examination of the temper material usually. Clay identification depends upon an activity of refiring the ceramic, and assigning a color to it using Munsell Soil Color notation. By estimating both temper and clay compositions, and locating a region where both are recognized to occur, an project of the materials source can be made. From the foundation project of the artifact further investigations can be produced in to the site of manufacture.
Ceramic plate design by Annie Dycus Yes : Pinterest
Home Page / Iznik Ceramics / Iznik Ceramic Plates
Home Page / Iznik Ceramics / Iznik Ceramic Plates
Home Page / Iznik Ceramics / Iznik Ceramic Plates
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A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic[a] sturdy material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly oriented to semi-crystalline, and frequently completely amorphous (e.g., glasses). Varying crystallinity and electron usage in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electronic insulators (thoroughly explored in ceramic engineering). With such a sizable selection of possible options for the structure/structure of an ceramic (e.g. almost all of the elements, almost all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is huge, and identifiable traits (e.g. hardness, toughness, electric powered conductivity, etc.) are hard to identify for the group as a whole. General properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, poor conductivity, high moduli of elasticity, chemical resistance and low ductility are the norm,[1] with known exceptions to each one of these rules (e.g. piezoelectric ceramics, cup transition heat, superconductive ceramics, etc.). Many composites, such as fiberglass and carbon fibre, while formulated with ceramic materials, are not regarded as area of the ceramic family.
The indicated expression "ceramic originates from the Greek word ????????? (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[3] from ??????? (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery".[4] The earliest known mention of the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, "staff of ceramics", written in Linear B syllabic script.[5] The word "ceramic" may be used as an adjective to spell it out a material, process or product, or it might be used as a noun, either singular, or, more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".
The initial ceramics made by humans were pottery things, including 27,000-year-old figurines, made from clay, either by itself or mixed with other materials like silica, hardened, sintered, in flames. Ceramics were glazed and fired to create clean later, colored surfaces, lowering porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates.[7] Ceramics now include local, commercial and building products, as well as a variety of ceramic art. Within the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such as with semiconductors.
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